<p>This article investigates the operational reliability of railway automation and telemechanics (SCB) systems, with particular attention paid to the protection of track transformers supplying track circuits. The stable operation of these transformers plays a crucial role in ensuring uninterrupted track circuit performance and railway traffic safety. During the study, the design features of widely used AVM-2 electromechanical circuit breakers were analyzed. It was found that the bimetallic element is susceptible to thermal drift caused by variations in ambient temperature, while the mechanical inertia of moving components negatively affects the accuracy and response speed of the protection system. To eliminate these shortcomings, an improved protection method and a schematic solution based on a microcontroller-based control system and non-contact Hall effect current sensors were developed. The proposed approach implements digital current monitoring and algorithmic control, which significantly reduce the influence of temperature factors and mechanical delays. Laboratory test results confirmed the effectiveness of the developed device: protection accuracy increased from 18.2% to 1.12%, while the response time was reduced to 42.1 ms. Keywords: railway automation; way transformer; AVM-2; microprocessor protection; Hall effect; optical relay; thermal drift; operational reliability; monitoring.</p>