<p>This article provides a comprehensive analysis of issues related to improving the efficiency of machines in the technological process of cleaning raw cotton from fine impurities. The research scientifically substantiates the design features of existing cleaning machines, particularly improved types of peg drums and mesh surfaces of various designs, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The patterns of changes in cleaning efficiency resulting from the impact of pegs of various shapes and sizes, as well as vibrating and multifaceted elements, on cotton tufts were determined. According to an analysis of scientific research, the design and arrangement of the pegs on the peg drum, which are the main components of a machine for cleaning cotton from fine impurities, are among the factors influencing the cleaning process. Problems such as increasing cleaning efficiency and reducing seed damage during the cleaning process through the use of different peg shapes require innovative solutions to improve the cleaning process. Based on the research findings, optimal design solutions and scientific and practical recommendations aimed at improving the process of cleaning raw cotton from fine impurities were developed.</p>