HYBRID PHОTОVОLTАIC-THERMАL SYSTEMS: TECHNICАL SОLUTIОNS АND DEVELОPMENT PRОSPECTS

Abstract

<p>Under&nbsp;high-temperature&nbsp;climatic&nbsp;conditions,&nbsp;the&nbsp;accumulation&nbsp;of&nbsp;excess&nbsp;heat&nbsp;in&nbsp;photovoltaic&nbsp;modules&nbsp;significantly&nbsp;reduces&nbsp;the&nbsp;efficiency&nbsp;of&nbsp;electricity&nbsp;generation&nbsp;by&nbsp;solar&nbsp;cells.&nbsp;This&nbsp;phenomenon&nbsp;is&nbsp;one&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;major&nbsp;technical&nbsp;barriers&nbsp;to&nbsp;improving&nbsp;the&nbsp;energy&nbsp;and&nbsp;exergy&nbsp;performance&nbsp;of&nbsp;photovoltaic&nbsp;systems.&nbsp;This&nbsp;study&nbsp;presents&nbsp;a&nbsp;comparative&nbsp;analysis&nbsp;of&nbsp;international&nbsp;and&nbsp;domestic&nbsp;patents&nbsp;covering&nbsp;the&nbsp;development&nbsp;stages&nbsp;of&nbsp;hybrid&nbsp;photovoltaic-thermal&nbsp;(PV/T)&nbsp;systems.&nbsp;The&nbsp;analysis&nbsp;</p><p>and&nbsp;experimental&nbsp;investigations&nbsp;conducted&nbsp;under&nbsp;real&nbsp;climatic&nbsp;conditions&nbsp;revealed&nbsp;</p><p>a&nbsp;relevant&nbsp;scientific&nbsp;and&nbsp;technical&nbsp;gap&nbsp;concerning&nbsp;the&nbsp;rational&nbsp;use&nbsp;of&nbsp;efficient&nbsp;</p><p>and&nbsp;lightweight&nbsp;polymer&nbsp;absorbers&nbsp;designed&nbsp;for&nbsp;low-power&nbsp;mobile&nbsp;platforms.&nbsp;To&nbsp;</p><p>address&nbsp;this&nbsp;issue,&nbsp;a&nbsp;novel&nbsp;technical&nbsp;solution&nbsp;(FAP&nbsp;2922)&nbsp;based&nbsp;on&nbsp;a&nbsp;Lexan&nbsp;ID-309&nbsp;</p><p>polycarbonate&nbsp;absorber&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;parallel-channel&nbsp;structure&nbsp;measuring&nbsp;8×10&nbsp;mm&nbsp;was&nbsp;</p><p>developed,&nbsp;and&nbsp;its&nbsp;performance&nbsp;was&nbsp;scientifically&nbsp;validated&nbsp;through&nbsp;experimental&nbsp;</p><p>testing.&nbsp;The&nbsp;operational&nbsp;potential&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;system&nbsp;was&nbsp;evaluated&nbsp;using&nbsp;the&nbsp;RETScreen&nbsp;software&nbsp;environment&nbsp;based&nbsp;on&nbsp;climatic&nbsp;data&nbsp;for&nbsp;Tashkent&nbsp;obtained&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;NASA&nbsp;POWER&nbsp;database.&nbsp;The&nbsp;experimental&nbsp;results&nbsp;demonstrated&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;developed&nbsp;test&nbsp;system,&nbsp;equipped&nbsp;with&nbsp;an&nbsp;active&nbsp;cooling&nbsp;system&nbsp;operated&nbsp;by&nbsp;a&nbsp;45&nbsp;W&nbsp;forced-circulation&nbsp;pump,&nbsp;maintained&nbsp;the&nbsp;module&nbsp;surface&nbsp;temperature&nbsp;at&nbsp;no&nbsp;more&nbsp;than&nbsp;42.8&nbsp;°C&nbsp;even&nbsp;during&nbsp;the&nbsp;hottest&nbsp;summer&nbsp;days.&nbsp;This&nbsp;enabled&nbsp;an&nbsp;increase&nbsp;in&nbsp;electrical&nbsp;efficiency&nbsp;of&nbsp;12-15%&nbsp;compared&nbsp;with&nbsp;conventional&nbsp;photovoltaic&nbsp;panels.&nbsp;The&nbsp;results&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;SWOT&nbsp;analysis&nbsp;confirm&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;proposed&nbsp;autonomous&nbsp;mobile&nbsp;PV/T&nbsp;system&nbsp;provides&nbsp;high&nbsp;energy&nbsp;and&nbsp;exergy&nbsp;efficiency&nbsp;under&nbsp;the&nbsp;sharply&nbsp;continental&nbsp;climatic&nbsp;conditions&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;country&nbsp;and&nbsp;represents&nbsp;a&nbsp;promising&nbsp;solution&nbsp;for&nbsp;integration&nbsp;into&nbsp;energy&nbsp;supply&nbsp;systems.</p>