<p>This article investigates the system identification problem for the effective control of temperature and relative humidity in greenhouses under the climate conditions of Uzbekistan, using a linear ARX (AutoRegressive with eXogenous input) model. The aim of this study is to construct a mathematical model that describes the dynamics of microclimate parameters based on real-time experimental measurements and, on this basis, establish the scientific foundations of an automatic control system. The widespread adoption of greenhouses in Uzbekistan, the need to maintaine the stability of agrotechnological processes, efficient use of energy and water resources, andadaptation to global climate changes determine the relevance of this research. The ARX model structure was selected as the research methodology, and MATLAB Toolbox was used for parameter estimation and model adequacy verification. The obtained results provide a scientific and practical basis for the development of modern regulators to ensure precise control of microclimate parameters. The model’s computational simplicity, speed, and integration capability with real-time systems make it effective in practical applications, particularly in Uzbek greenhouses. The use of the linear ARX model is demonstrated as an effective solution to improving the accuracy and reliability of automated temperature and humidity control systems in greenhouses.</p>